New Delhi, 27th December, 2024: Delhi, celebrated for its vibrant culture and historic monuments, is now battling a severe environmental challenge: air pollution. Recognized as one of the most polluted capitals globally, the city faces air quality indices (AQI) that frequently exceed safe limits. In 2019, Delhi was reported as the world’s most polluted capital, and recent trends indicate a worsening scenario, particularly during the winter months when AQI levels often soar to 500. These alarming levels of pollution pose a significant threat to public health, especially cardiovascular well-being.
The deteriorating air quality in Delhi, caused by vehicular emissions, industrial pollutants, construction dust, and stubble burning in neighboring states, has led to a surge in microscopic particulate matter, such as PM2.5 and PM10, in the atmosphere. These particles penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, causing inflammation and oxidative stress. According to the World Heart Federation’s World Heart Report 2024, air pollution was responsible for 22% of global ischemic heart disease deaths and 15% of stroke fatalities in 2019. For India, where cardiovascular diseases are already a leading cause of mortality, these figures underscore the urgent need for action.
Dr. Nityanand Tripathi, Ujala Cygnus Group of Hospitals, highlighted the critical impact of air pollution on heart health. He stated, “Prolonged exposure to polluted air significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular conditions like ischemic heart disease and stroke. Given the already high burden of heart disease in India, the deteriorating air quality in Delhi is a pressing public health concern. Individuals must take protective measures while collective action is taken to address the root causes of this crisis.”
Residents can adopt measures to safeguard their cardiovascular health, such as minimizing outdoor activities during high pollution days, wearing N95 masks, and using air purifiers to improve indoor air quality. Staying hydrated, consuming antioxidant-rich foods, and incorporating vitamin C into one’s diet can help strengthen the immune system and reduce the body’s toxin load. However, personal precautions alone cannot address the magnitude of the issue.
Collective action is essential to mitigate Delhi’s air pollution crisis. The implementation of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) is a significant step in this direction. Measures such as banning the use of coal and firewood, deploying water sprinklers to settle dust, and restricting vehicular emissions aim to curb pollution levels in the short term. Long-term solutions, including stricter emission norms, effective waste management, and a shift toward cleaner energy sources, are vital to creating sustainable change.
Dr. Nityanand Tripathi, emphasized the importance of regular cardiovascular check-ups to detect and address pollution-induced complications early. He also stressed the need for a collaborative approach, stating, “This is not just an individual fight but a collective one. While personal precautions are essential, systemic changes are necessary to improve air quality and protect public health. With concerted efforts, we can safeguard the health of millions and create a cleaner, healthier environment for future generations.”
The worsening air quality in Delhi serves as a wake-up call for both residents and authorities. The direct link between air pollution and cardiovascular diseases highlights the urgency for comprehensive preventive measures. Through a combination of lifestyle adjustments, protective strategies, and robust policy interventions, Delhi can work toward mitigating the health and environmental crises posed by air pollution.